occasional form escrivre, the word being rhymed with vivre, in Mir. 6480.

As regards the Vocabulary, I propose to note a few points which are of interest with reference chiefly to English Etymology, and for the rest the reader is referred to the Glossary.

A certain number of words will be found, in addition to those already cited in the remarks on Phonology, § v, which appear in the French of our texts precisely as they stand in modern English, e.g. able, annoy, archer, carpenter, claret, courser, dean, draper, ease, fee, haste, host, mace, mess, noise, soldier, suet, treacle, truant, &c., not to mention ‘mots savants’ such as abject, absent, official, parable, and so on.

The doubling of consonants in accordance with Latin spelling in accepter, accord, accuser, commander, commun, &c., is already common in these texts and belongs to an earlier stage of Middle English than is usually supposed.

ambicioun: note the etymological meaning of this word in the Mirour.

appetiter: Chaucer’s verb should be referred directly to this French verb, and not to the English subst. appetit.

[Pg xxxiii]

[Pg xxxiii]

assalt: usually assaut in 14th cent. French and English.

audit: the English word is probably from this French form, and not directly from Latin: the same remark applies to several other words, as complet, concluder, curet, destitut, elat, &c.

avouer: in the sense of ‘promise.’

begant, beggerie, beguyner, beguinage: see New Eng. Dict. under ‘beg.’ The use of beguinage here as equivalent to beggerie is confirmatory of the Romance etymology suggested for the word: begant seems to presuppose a verb beg(u)er, a shorter form of beguiner; cp. beguard.

braier, M.E. brayen, ‘to bray in a mortar.’ The continental form was breier, Mod. broyer.

brusch: the occurrence of this word in a sense which seems to identify it with brusque should be noted. The modern brusque is commonly said to have been introduced into French from Italy in the 16th century. Caxton however in 1481 has brussly, apparently equivalent to ‘brusquely’; see New Eng. Dict.

buillon, in the sense of ‘mint,’ or ‘melting-house,’ is evidently the same as ‘bullion’ in the Anglo-Norman 

 Prev. P 25/811 next