justification into others. Thus we have the rhymes ordeigne, meine, semeigne (= semaine), desdeigne, peine, 2318 ff.; peigne (= peine), compleigne, pleine, meine, halteigne, atteigne, in Bal. iii; while in gaign, bargaign, rhyming with grain, prochain, &c., g is omitted at pleasure. Evidently in the Anglo-Norman of this period it had no phonetic value.

[Pg xxiii]

(b) When not before a nasal, ai and ei do not interchange freely in this manner. Before l, ll, it is true, ei has a tendency to become ai, as in conseil consail (also consal), consei(l)ler consail(l)er, merveille mervaille; also we have contrefeite, souffreite, 6305 ff., eie for aie (avoir), eir for air 13867, gleyve 14072, meistre 24714, eide (eyde) for aide in the rubric headings, paleis (palois) for palais, and vois (representing veis) sometimes for vais (vado); also in ante-tonic syllables, cheitif, eiant, eysil, leiter, meisoun, meistrie, oreisoun, peisible, pleisir, seisine, veneisoun, beside chaitif, allaiter, maisoun, maistrie, paisible, plaisir, saisine. This change is much less frequent, especially in tonic syllables, than in some earlier texts, e.g. the Vie de S. Grégoire.

The Anglo-Norman reduction of the diphthong ai and sometimes ei to e, especially before r and s, still subsists in certain words, though the Continental French spelling is found by its side. Thus we have fere, affere, forsfere, mesfere, plere, trere, attrere, retrere, tere, debonere, contrere, rhyming with terre, guerre, quer(r)e, &c.; also mestre, nestre, pestre, rhyming with estre, prestre; and pes, fes (fascem), fetz, mes, jammes, reles(s), in rhyme with ades, pres, apres, deces(s), Moÿses, dess, mess, confess. (This series of rhymes, which has ę, is of course kept distinct from that which includes the terminations -és (-ez) in participles, &c., and such words as ées, dées, lées, prées, asses, malfés, &c., which all have ẹ.) We find also ese (with the alternative forms aese, ease, as well as aise), frel, ele, megre, plee (plai, plait), trete, vinegre, and in ante-tonic syllables appeser, enchesoun,[Pg xxiv] esance, feture, lesser, mesoun, mestrie, phesant, pleder, plesance, plesir, sesoun, tresoun, treter. In the case of many of these words the form with ai is also used by our author, but the two modes of spelling are kept apart in rhymes (except l. 18349 ff., where we have tere, terre, aquerre, faire, mesfaire), so that affere, attrere, rhyme with terre, but affaire, attraire, with haire, esclaire, adversaire, and, while jammes is linked with apres, ades, pes, we find jammais written when the rhyme is with essais, lais, paix. This may be only due to the desire for 

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